Texas A&M University (TAMU) PSYC 307 Developmental Psychology Exam 2 Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Centration is best defined as
• Which of the following is described as the first sign of autism?
• Which memory system involves actively attending to, gathering, maintaining, storing, and processing information, with limits on capacity and speed?
• How many strata are in Carroll's three-stratum model?
• Dynamic-systems theory emphasizes development as the result of interactions among multiple components. Which option best captures this idea?
• Which term does not belong to the core constructs of dynamic-systems theory?
• Project Head Start is characterized by which description?
• The three-stratum theory describes intelligence as what?
• Which statement about working memory is true?
• Which of the following correctly lists Piaget's four stages in their developmental order?
• Delaying gratification in the Marshmallow Test is used as an index of which trait?
• Which statement best describes the formal operational stage?
• In information-processing terms, the human cognitive system is described as having what kind of capacity?
• Which of the following is NOT a typical ability of the formal operational stage?
• Measles and whooping cough are examples of diseases that are:
• Which of the following are factors that can affect IQ test scores?
• Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think on the spot to solve problems.
• Which theory emphasizes learning as a product of social interaction and cultural tools?
• The phase in which private speech evolves into whispers and eventual internal thoughts is described as part of which process?
• Sturge-Apple's research reframed how we view impoverished youth behavior by focusing on the function of the behavior for which two components?
• What percent of Texas children are impoverished?
• Which statement about information-processing theories is accurate?
• What effect did the price increase have on vaccination rates?
• IQ scores are strong predictors of which outcomes?
• Which primary mental ability is included in Cattell's list?
• Which option correctly lists all eight intelligences in Gardner's theory?
• The Sleeper Effect explains why ideas persist; which type of sources become more persuasive over time?
• A growth mindset is best described as the belief that abilities can be developed through effort.
• Self-discipline refers to which ability?
• Measles and whooping cough can be especially lethal for which groups?
• Core-knowledge theories describe which of the following?
• The rising cost of vaccines was associated with what change in measles cases?
• Which term refers to factors that tend to co-occur and influence IQ?
• The development of intelligence is explained by the interplay of factors. Which pair best describes factor interplay?
• Which term describes the ability to translate letters into sounds and to blend sounds into words?
• Which group is listed as opposed to vaccines?
• Which term refers to information about a particular area?
• Gardner's multiple intelligences theory posits at least eight types of intelligence. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
• In the longitudinal portion of the Sturge-Apple study, high vagal tone led to delayed gratification for which SES group?
• The phrase 'little scientists' is used to describe which substage?
• In Sternberg's theory, analytic abilities correspond to which skills?
• Egocentrism is best described as
• A computer simulation is defined as
• Encoding is defined as which of the following?
• IQ scores are typically defined by a mean and standard deviation. Which pair describes this standardization?
• Piaget's approach to understanding cognitive development is often labeled as what?
• Since 1986, the cost of full vaccination has increased about how many-fold?
• Which statement best describes the approach that shifts from judging behavior as good or bad to understanding its function in context?
• The earlier in development, the more rapidly changes occur.
• Which theory holds that infants build increasingly advanced understanding by combining rudimentary innate knowledge with later experiences?
• Which of the following best describes the overarching concept?
• In dynamic-systems theory, which concept is defined as 'the increasing frequent choice of behaviors that are relatively successful in reaching goals'?
• Which stage is associated with centration as a key characteristic?
• IQ becomes more _____ over time (people enhance their own gene-environment correlation)
• Creative abilities in Sternberg's framework refer to which of the following?
• Object permanence is defined as which knowledge?
• Evocative effects (of genotype) are best described as:
• Which perspective emphasizes that other people and surrounding culture are the primary contributors to development?
• Which list best describes side effects of the MMR vaccine?
• Low levels of executive functions have been linked to which problems?
• The side effects of the MMR vaccine are described as comparable to the side effects of which medication?
• Which term refers to the procedure for selecting among alternative ways to solve a problem?
• In statistics, which distribution is described as scores that fall symmetrically around a mean with fewer scores as they move farther from the mean?
• Practical abilities in Sternberg's framework involve which of the following?
• Which of the following is listed as a reason some parents delay vaccines for infants?
• Which of the following is NOT a stage in Piaget's theory?
• Impulsivity is generally thought to be what, but for low-SES children it may not be so?
• Which statement best describes Head Start's long-term effects?
• Conservation concept is defined as
• Dynamic-systems theories are best described as:
• Soft assembly describes which phenomenon?
• Which of the following is an example of a basic process?
• Which term describes the typical sequence of actions used to organize and interpret repeated events, such as dining at restaurants, going to doctors’ appointments, and writing reports?
• The view of intelligence as a single general ability is called?
• Passive effects (of genotype) are best described as:
• Selective attention is the process of what?
• In Sturge-Apple's framework, the function of a behavior is understood in relation to which two interconnected aspects?
• In Piaget's theory, adjusting existing schemas to fit new information is called?
• Which statement best describes Sternberg's theory of successful intelligence?
• In low-SES contexts, what tends to account for more variation in IQ?
• Which term refers to the memory system that actively attends to and manipulates information with limited capacity?
• Which NOT a primary mental ability in Cattell's list?
• Which factor leads to changes in children's development and can vary from culture to culture?
• Which statement describes the Wakefield paper's current status?
• The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children yields an overall IQ score plus separate scores on how many moderately general abilities?
• Executive functioning is best defined as which of the following?
• Which of the following lists the three types of exemptions from vaccination requirements typically allowed by some states?
• Which influence is described by the statement that more schooling leads to higher achievement and that higher grades correlate with higher intelligence, even if age is the same?
• Which of the following constitutes an example of spatial intelligence according to Gardner's framework?
• Which term describes the process of modifying existing knowledge structures in response to new experiences?
• If a society reduces environmental constraints on cognitive development, what happens to the observed heritability of intelligence?
• Which statement is true about Piaget's invariant sequence?
• From a dynamic-systems perspective, which statement best describes everyday actions?
• In the formal operational stage, what type of thinking becomes possible?
• Which term is the inability to read and spell well despite having normal intelligence?
• The Flynn effect is defined as which of the following?
• Higher vagal tone is associated with reduced impulsivity and a greater likelihood of delaying gratification in children born to which SES category?
• Which statement best reflects the context-dependence of heritability estimates?
• Which factor is NOT listed as influencing IQ test scores?
• The Wechsler scales produce an overall score and five index scores. This structure is consistent with which theoretical framework?
• Egocentrism is best described as
• Which term describes the belief that abilities can be developed through effort?
• In the concrete operational stage, which statement best describes children's reasoning?
• Three steps to internalization of thought begin with a parent helping the child understand and solve problems, followed by the child using private speech, and then private speech becomes whispers or inner thoughts. What is this process called?
• Which term encompasses the progression from Stage 0 through Stage 4 in reading development?
• An example of gene-environment interaction in cognitive development is when...
• Longitudinal studies show consistency of IQ scores from age _____ onward.
• In Carroll's three-stratum theory, where is the general intelligence factor 'g' located?
• What process involves more knowledgeable individuals organizing activities in ways that allow less knowledgeable people to learn?
• In sociocultural theory, what are cultural tools?
• Which percentage increase in autism rates over the past decade is cited, and what explains this rise?
• What is true about early vaccines as recommended by the CDC?
• NOT listed as a poverty effect on IQ?
• Which concept means that increased knowledge makes new information easier to connect with what is already known?
• Equilibration is best described as which of the following?
• Approximately what percent of children under 18 are impoverished?
• Which term describes the ability to retrieve meaning directly from the visual form of a word?
• High self-control is associated with which outcomes later in life?
• Which term describes proceeding directly from the visual form of a word to its meaning?
• What was the central claim of the Wakefield paper?
• Rehearsal is defined as which of the following?
• Which theory would emphasize cognitive development constrained by innate knowledge in core domains?
• Who is the author of 'Evidence of Harm' who argues that vaccinations are unsafe and shifts focus to other aspects of the argument?
• Lev Vygotsky is known for advocating which theory and idea that cognitive development occurs through social interactions?
• What is mathematics anxiety?
• Which concept describes balancing assimilation and accommodation to form stable understanding?
• The Sturge-Apple study design is best described as which of the following?
• Information-processing theories propose cognitive development occurs in
• Which statement about long-term memory is true?
• Which theory posits innate knowledge in domains of evolutionary importance and domain-specific learning mechanisms for rapidly acquiring information in those domains?
• Which is NOT a HOME component?
• Sturge-Apple's work suggests that delayed gratification is not inherently good or bad, but depends on the function of the behavior for which two entities in a resource-poor setting?
• Which term describes the belief that abilities are fixed and unchangeable?
• What do statements about racial and ethnic IQ differences emphasize?
• Which statement best illustrates joint attention?
• Social scaffolding is best described as:
• Overlapping waves theory emphasizes which aspect of children's thinking?
• Which of the following is NOT assessed by the HOME inventory?
• Which factor is not listed as a contributor to autism in the material?
• Elizabeth Spelke is best known for proposing which theory?
• Measles and whooping cough are described as what in terms of eradication status?
• Which term represents the concept that reading difficulty can occur despite normal intelligence?
• Neural development contributes to improvements in memory through which mechanism?
• Which is the correct order of Piaget's stages from earliest to latest?
• Problem solving is defined as
• Centration is best defined as
• Which statement best explains why genetic influence on intelligence may appear stronger in high-SES families?
• In the two-part Sturge-Apple study, what did a higher vagal tone predict for 2-year-olds in the first part?
• Which factor is a predictor of math and reading scores?
• Which term refers to mental models of the sizes of numbers, ordered along a less-to-more dimension?
• Task analysis is defined as
• Long-term memory is best described as
• Which theory emphasizes memory improvements through myelination and connectivity among brain systems?
• What does the standard deviation measure in a distribution of IQ scores?
• Which term denotes the concept that the values on each side of the equal sign must be equivalent?
• Symbolic representation is defined as ...
• Which vaccine was historically claimed to be linked to autism in the Wakefield paper?
• The Carolina Abecedarian Project is best described as which of the following?
• During which sensorimotor substage is object permanence first demonstrated?
• According to Mischel's interpretation, poverty is associated with which trait?
• What does HOME stand for in the context of assessing a child's environment?
• A-not-B error illustrates which tendency?
• Which factors are identified as contributors to autism?
• From the dynamic-systems perspective, which statement best describes seemingly simple actions?
• In developmental psychology, intersubjectivity refers to which of the following?
• In the Sturge-Apple two-part study, what was the time gap between the initial vagal tone measurement and the follow-up Mischel test?
• Which organization has been critical of rote memorization and advocates for creative strategies to promote all children's participation and learning?
• The statement: 'During which stage do children begin to use language, mental imagery, and symbolic thought?'
• Which term labels understanding what others say (or sign or write) in language?
• Which statement best describes active effects of genotype in development?
• Under which concept do adults and peers organize learning activities to help children master tasks they could not do alone?
• Which disease is having an outbreak in the US with the epicenter in Washington state?
• Gardner's theory have a large influence on education and have what kind of message?
• During stress, fear is an effective motivator for which behavior?
• Core-knowledge theory is most associated with which researcher?
• Which term is defined as the representation, in memory, of features of objects and events?
• Piaget believed the formal operational stage is universal.
• A policy implication derived from SES-modulated heritability is to:
• Equilibration in Piaget's theory is the process by which cognitive structures become balanced by balancing assimilation and accommodation.
• Central properties of Piaget's stage theory include qualitative change, broad applicability, brief transitions, and invariant sequence (same across individuals).
• Which of the following is explicitly listed as a factor that can affect IQ test scores?
• Which intelligence test is most widely used for children aged 6 years and older?
• According to dynamic-systems theories, how are thoughts and actions related?
• Basic processes are defined as which of the following?
• According to the material, Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences has what level of evidentiary support relative to traditional theories?
• Adopted children tend to show IQ more similar to _____ parents over time than _____ parents.
• What does the acronym MMR stand for?
• What is the federal poverty threshold for a family consisting of two adults and two children?
• Which two exemptions from vaccination requirements are described as allowed in Texas?
• Which aspect of the home environment has been shown to predict math and reading achievement?
• Which process is illustrated when a child learns that a zebra is not a horse, but a different animal?
• Dynamic-systems theories emphasize changes over time in complex systems. Which statement best captures this view?
• What is the second phase of Vygotsky's internalization process, where children use private speech to guide themselves?
• The Flynn effect refers to which phenomenon?
• Which characteristic is a hallmark of the preoperational stage?
• Which term means the cognitive processes used to represent a situation or sequence of events?
• Which statement is most aligned with the idea that in low-SES contexts, environmental interventions can reveal more of an individual's genetic potential?
• Which theory posits that infants have substantial innate knowledge of evolutionarily important domains?
• What does the sleeper effect describe in information processing?
• Which public figure is described as an anti-vax advocate who is not a scientist?
• Which term describes the skill of translating letters into sounds and blending sounds to form words?
• What efficiency rate is cited for vaccines in the material?
• In the study of motor skills, problem solving often requires which concept?
• An IQ score is best understood as what relative to age peers?
• Which pair are the mechanisms of change described in dynamic-systems theory?
• A researcher wants to describe heritability as a population statistic that can vary with context. Which statement best fits this idea?
• The theory of successful intelligence includes three types of abilities. Which is NOT one of them?
• Which statement best describes the interaction between vagal tone and SES in delayed gratification in the Sturge-Apple study?
• Which term describes the cognitive processes used to represent a standing or sequence of events?
• Piaget's stage theory is best described as involving which of the following?
• A practical implication for educators when SES differs is:
• Which of the following is an example of a religious group opposed to vaccines?
• Egocentrism is best described as ...
• Approximately how many Texas children are impoverished?
• What is gesture-speech mismatch?
• What role do parents' scaffolding play in autobiographical memory development?
• How does socioeconomic status influence the apparent heritability of intelligence (IQ)?
• What does the acronym WISC stand for?
• Who is described as immunocompromised in relation to vaccine guidelines?
• Which statement correctly describes autobiographical memories?
• Which factor leads to changes in children's development and can vary across cultures?
• What explains the observed rise in autism rates according to the material?
• In Mischel's Marshmallow Test, children are given a choice between what options?
• Sturge-Apple's research indicates that delayed gratification is not necessarily what?
• Which term describes the understanding of information presented from multiple viewpoints during reading development?
• Which statement accurately describes gene-environment interaction in intelligence?
• What might researchers conclude about interventions aimed at reducing SES disparities?
• Poverty in early childhood may affect the development of self-regulation in which health-related domains that influence lifelong health?
• Sturge-Apple's findings have implications for which health-related domain?
• In a high-SES environment, you would expect heritability of intelligence to be:
• What are the innumerable products of human ingenuity that enhance thinking, including symbol systems, artifacts, skills, and values used to convey thoughts?
• Crystallized intelligence refers to knowledge of the world and is enhanced by education.
• According to a Washington Post article, children from which income group are more likely to choose immediate gratification?
• Which term describes the knowledge about the world that tends to increase with age and education?
• Which term describes individuals with weakened immune systems who may not receive certain vaccines?
• Which statement about Wakefield's claims is accurate?
• Deferred imitation is best described as ...
• Which process involves repeating information multiple times to aid memory?
• Phonemic awareness is defined as which ability?